Linear structural causal model
X
1
=
0.5
·
X
0
+
1.5
·
Z
1
X
0
Parent
-10
-5
0
5
10
0.0
coefficient
on parent:
0.5
Z
1
Exogenous noise
-10
-5
0
5
10
0.0
coefficient
on noise:
1.5
X
1
Result
0.0
-20
-10
0
10
20